The Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) has called on Senate President Godswill Akpabio and House of Representatives Speaker, Tajudeen Abbas, to withdraw a bill that seeks to penalise eligible voters who fail to participate in national and state elections.
The bill proposes a sixmonth jail term or a fine of N100,000 for noncompliance. Instead of enforcing such punitive measures, SERAP urged the lawmakers to amend the 1999 constitution (as amended) and the Electoral Act 2022 to strip state governors and their deputies of constitutional immunity when they commit electoral offences, such as vote-buying, ensuring they can be investigated and prosecuted.
SERAP also urged Akpabio and Abbas “to amend the Nigerian constitution and the Electoral Act to explicitly prohibit the appointment of members of any political party as resident electoral commissioners (RECs) of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).”
According to SERAP, there is currently in the National Assembly a ‘Bill for an Act to Amend the Electoral Act 2022 to Make it Mandatory for All Nigerians of Majority Age to Vote in All National and State Elections and for Related Matters.’
The bill seeks to make voting compulsory and prescribes a six-month jail term or a fine of N100,000 or both for non-compliance.
In the letter dated March 29, 2025, and signed by SERAP deputy director Kolawole Oluwadare, the organisation said: “Jailing eligible Nigerians for deciding not to vote would be entirely inconsistent and incompatible with the letter and spirit of the Nigerian constitution and the country’s international human rights obligations.”
SERAP said, “Rather than proposing bills that would severely punish Nigerians who may decide not to exercise their right to vote, the National Assembly ought to propose bills to remove constitutional immunity for governors and their deputies who commit electoral offences and undermine the integrity of the electoral process.”
“The most effective way to solve the perennial voter apathy is to create a safe and conducive environment, combat the impunity of high-ranking politicians who commit electoral offences, and generally improve the electoral process to encourage the citizens to come out to vote, and not to send them to jail.
“Should the National Assembly fail to drop the bill prescribing a six-month jail term for eligible Nigerians who decide not to vote in national and state elections, and should any such bill be assented to by President Bola Tinubu, SERAP would consider appropriate legal action to challenge the legality of any such law and ensure they are never implemented.
“The idea of compulsory voting and jailing citizens for not voting is impracticable, unnecessary and unlawful.
The right to vote is part of citizens’ right to participate in their own government and the choice of whether to exercise it is personal.
“The right to vote includes the right not to vote. If the right to participation is a right of the citizen, she/he must be free to decide whether or not to exercise it.
“Because the notion of a democracy exists by virtue of the consent of the citizens, voters must get to choose how they exercise consent, not be forced to the polls like ‘cattle to the slaughter.’
“The National Assembly ought to propose bills to reduce the influence of money in politics, and encourage and not compel the exercise of the right to participation.
“The proposed bill is a blatant violation of the right to political participation, which is guaranteed under section 14(1) (c) of the Nigerian constitution, article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and article 13 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights to which Nigeria is a state party.
“SERAP also urges you to amend the Nigerian constitution and the Electoral Act to include explicit mandatory provisions on internet voter registration, and the use of modern technology, including in casting and counting, voter registration and systems for reporting results.
“Amending the Nigerian constitution and the Electoral Act to explicitly include the right of eligible Nigerians to vote and to vote securely would enhance the effective enjoyment of their right political participation and representative democracy.
“It would rebuild public confidence in the ability of the National Assembly to effectively perform its constitutional responsibilities.”
